Mondale won 41 percent of the popular vote and 13 electoral votes from the District of Columbia and his home state of Minnesota. [169] Reagan also won the backing of Reagan Democrats. He unsuccessfully challenged President Ford for the Republican nomination in 1976 and defeated Jimmy Carter four years later, becoming the nation's 40th president on January 20, 1981. [161] During Reagan's presidency, Project Socrates operated within the Defense Intelligence Agency in order to discover why the United States was unable to maintain its economic competitiveness. [168] Evangelical Protestants became an increasingly important voting bloc, and they generally supported Reagan. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCarter2002 (, sfnm error: no target: CITEREFPemberton1997 (, G. Thomas Goodnight, "Ronald Reagan's reformulation of the rhetoric of war: Analysis of the 'zero option,' 'evil empire,' and 'star wars' addresses. [247] In 1987, Reagan unsuccessfully nominated Robert Bork to the Supreme Court as a way to achieve his civil rights policy that could not be fulfilled during his presidency; his administration had opposed affirmative action, particularly in education, federal assistance programs, housing and employment,[248] but Reagan reluctantly continued these policies. [122][123] One student was shot and killed while many police officers and two reporters were injured. A new era of trade and openness between the two powers commenced, and the United States and Soviet Union cooperated on international issues such as the IranIraq War. [242] In 1984, he signed legislation intended to impose fines for fair housing discrimination offenses. [47], When Robert Montgomery resigned as president of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) on March 10, 1947, Reagan was elected to that position, in a special election. [7] Alzheimer's disease hindered Reagan post-presidency, and his physical and mental capacities rapidly deteriorated, ultimately leading to his death in 2004. [243] In March 1988, Reagan vetoed the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987, but Congress overrode his veto. [37], World War II interrupted the movie stardom that Reagan would never be able to achieve again[38] as Warner Bros. became uncertain about his ability to generate ticket sales. In his first term, Reagan implemented "Reaganomics", which involved economic deregulation and cuts in both taxes and government spending during a period of stagflation. [394] Carlos Lozada noted Trump's praising of Reagan in a book he published during his 2016 campaign.[395]. [359] By the end of 2003, Reagan had lost his ability to speak and was mostly confined to his bed, no longer able to recognize any family members. ronald reagan inauguration spoon. [279] Critics have felt that the administration ignored the human rights violations in the countries they backed,[280] including genocide in Guatemala[281] and mass killings in Chad. From 1959 to 1960, he again served as the Screen Actors Guild's president. At the same time, the federal debt had nearly tripled since 1981 as a result of his cuts in taxes and increased military spending, despite cuts to domestic discretionary spending. [250] Reagan's recasting of civil rights through reduced enforcement of civil rights laws has been regarded by some as the largest since Lyndon B. Johnson's presidency. [126] At the same time, the Federal Reserve increased interest rates to combat inflation, putting the American economy in a mild recession. [277] In his 1985 State of the Union Address, Reagan proclaimed, "Support for freedom fighters is self-defense. Instead, conservatives were left alienated, and Ford picked up the remaining uncommitted delegates and prevailed, earning 1,187 to Reagan's 1,070. [276] However, the United States was subjected to blowback in the form of the Taliban that opposed them in the war in Afghanistan. T he Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Institute asked the Republican National Committee (RNC) to cease fundraising for Trump's reelection campaign with a commemorative coin printed. [228], On March 30, 1981, Reagan was shot by John Hinckley Jr. outside the Washington Hilton. [244] Later in September, legislation was passed to correct loopholes in the Fair Housing Act of 1968. [30] In 1936, while traveling with the Cubs to their spring training in California, Reagan took a screen test that led to a seven-year contract with Warner Bros.[31], Reagan arrived at Hollywood in 1937, debuting in Love Is on the Air (1937). Ronald Reagan January 20, 1981 - January 20, 1989, The modified presidential seal of the United States of America (a shield with vertical stripes on the chest of an American eagle, holding an olive branch on its right talon and a bundle of thirteen arrows on its left, and in its beak a scroll with "E PLURIBUS UNUM", surrounded by a circle of stars), Mintmark "WR" in circle, Lettering: [156], Reagan emerged as a vocal critic of President Carter in 1977. Stating that there was irrefutable evidence that Libya had a direct role in the bombing, Reagan authorized the use of force against the country. The October 1985 death of the President's friend Rock Hudson affected Reagan's view; Reagan approached Hutton for more information on the disease. [284] Cannon later noted that throughout Reagan's 1984 presidential campaign, the invasion overshadowed the 1983 Beirut barracks bombings,[285] which killed 241 Americans taking part in an international peacekeeping operation during the Lebanese Civil War. Two days of fighting commenced, resulting in an American victory. The bill's titles are written by its sponsor. [43] As relations between the United States and Japan worsened, Reagan was ordered for active duty while he was filming Kings Row. [56] Reagan would remain SAG president until he resigned on November 10, 1952;[57] Walter Pidgeon succeeded him, but Reagan stayed on the board. [14] Neil Reagan was Reagan's older brother. [195] Many of his supporters condemned the bill, but Reagan defended his preservation of cuts on individual income tax rates. Reagan initially denied any wrongdoing, but on November 25, he announced that John Poindexter and North had left the administration and that he would form the Tower Commission to investigate the transactions. Reagan replied, "There you go again", though the audience laughed and viewers found him more appealing. Throughout his military service, Reagan produced over 400 training films. 40th Ronald Reagan: July 5, 2016: 5,880,000 7,140,000 13,020,000 1981-1989 40 41st [104] In numerous speeches, Reagan "hit the Brown administration about high taxes, uncontrolled spending, the radicals at the University of California, Berkeley, and the need for accountability in government". The President of The United States. [77], Reagan began as a Democrat, viewing Franklin D. Roosevelt as "a true hero". [99] After the Supreme Court of California ruled that the initiative that repealed the Rumford Act was unconstitutional in May, he voiced his support for the act's repeal,[100] but later preferred amending it. He was also the 33rd Governor of California (1967-1975) as well as a radio, film and television actor. Additionally, he survived an assassination attempt, fought public sector labor unions, expanded the war on drugs, and was slow to respond to the AIDS epidemic in the United States, which began early in his presidency. [318] In response, Reagan announced the imposition of new sanctions on the South African government, including an arms embargo in late 1985. [132] Reagan strongly supported capital punishment, but his efforts to enforce it were thwarted by People v. Anderson in 1972. Reagan became an AAF public relations officer and was subsequently assigned to the 18th AAF Base Unit in Culver City[45] where he felt that it was "impossible to remove an incompetent or lazy worker" due to what he felt was "the incompetence, the delays, and inefficiencies" of the federal bureaucracy. He later backed off of these plans due to public backlash. [219] On the other side, defense spending doubled between 1981 and 1985. [345] In May 1988, the U.S. Senate overwhelmingly voted in favor of ratifying the treaty,[346] providing a major boost to Reagan's popularity in the aftermath of the IranContra affair. [174][175][176] In the October 28 debate, Carter correctly chided Reagan for being against national health insurance. from United States [212] Yet, not all shared equally in the economic recovery, and both economic inequality[213] and the number of homeless individuals increased during the 1980s. [114], In 1967, Reagan reacted to the Black Panther Party's strategy of copwatching by signing the Mulford Act[115] to prohibit the public carrying of firearms. By 1997, he was reported to recognize few people other than his wife, though he continued to walk through parks and on beaches, play golf, and visit his office in nearby Century City. On Oliver North's initiative, the administration redirected the proceeds from the missile sales to the Contras. [28] He then worked for WHO radio in Des Moines as a broadcaster for the Chicago Cubs. He previously served as the 33rd governor of California from 1967 to 1975 and as president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1947 to 1952 and from 1959 until 1960. In 1964, "A Time for Choosing" gave Reagan attention as a new conservative figure. [58], The SAG fought with film producers over residual payments[59] and on November 16, 1959, the board installed Reagan as SAG president,[60] replacing the resigned Howard Keel. [9] Reagan credited her spiritual influence[11] and he became a Christian. [191] Amid growing concerns about the mounting federal debt, Reagan signed the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982,[192] one of the eleven times Reagan raised taxes. [127] In 1976, the Employment Development Department published a report suggesting that the experiment that ran from 1971 to 1974 was unsuccessful. The remark was ignored at the time, but after the wall fell in November 1989, it was retroactively recast as a soaring achievement. [85] Under anti-communist[86] Lemuel Boulware, the employees were encouraged to vote for business-friendly officials. [46] Wyman filed to divorce Reagan in June 1948. Ronald Wilson Reagan was born on February 6, 1911 in Tampico, Illinois. At that point, Broder suggested that age was no longer a liability for Reagan,[293] and Mondale's campaign felt that "the election was over". Highlights of Reagan's administration include: [10] She led prayer meetings and ran mid-week prayers at her church when the pastor was out of town. [361] His public funeral was held in the Washington National Cathedral,[363] where eulogies were given by Margaret Thatcher, Brian Mulroney, George H. W. Bush, and George W. O'Neill told Reagan that Republican opponents were friends "after six o'clock". In the United States Congress, Republicans won a majority of seats in the Senate for the first time since 1952[180] while Democrats retained the House of Representatives. He also noted the fact that the "American-owned industries there employ more than 80,000 blacks" and that their employment practices were "very different from the normal South African customs". Brand New. [232][233], Early in August 1981, the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) went on strike, violating a federal law prohibiting government unions from striking. [340][341][342] In December, Reagan and Gorbachev met again at the Washington Summit[343] to sign the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, committing to the total abolition of their respective short-range and medium-range missile stockpiles. [312][313] President Reagan was opposed to divestiture because, as he wrote in a letter to Sammy Davis Jr., it "would hurt the very people we are trying to help and would leave us no contact within South Africa to try and bring influence to bear on the government". Koop angered many evangelical conservatives, both in and out of the Reagan administration, by stressing the importance of sex education including condom usage in schools. In 1977, Ford told Cannon that Reagan's primary challenge contributed to his own narrow loss to Democrat Jimmy Carter in the 1976 United States presidential election. [369] Throughout the 2000s and 2010s, his presidency was often placed in the top ten. The opposition also gained critical mass following in the United States, particularly on college campuses and among mainline Protestant denominations. This page also shows coins listed for sale so you can buy and sell. Updated on June 13, 2019. [337] Reagan believed that if he could persuade the Soviets to allow for more democracy and free speech, this would lead to reform and the end of communism. [385][386], Reagan led a new conservative movement, altering the political dynamic of the United States.
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